常用持有人的感官( human senses)

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The commonly held human senses are as follows:

Sight:  This technically is two senses given the two distinct types of receptors present, one for color (cones) and one for brightness (rods).
Taste:  This is sometimes argued to be five senses by itself due to the differing types of taste receptors (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami), but generally is just referred to as one sense.  For those who don’t know, umami receptors detect the amino acid glutamate, which is a taste generally found in meat and some artificial flavoring.  The taste sense, unlike sight, is a sense based off of a chemical reaction
Touch:  This has been found to be distinct from pressure, temperature, pain, and even itch sensors.
Pressure: Obvious sense is obvious. ;-)
Itch:  Surprisingly, this is a distinct sensor system from other touch-related senses.
Thermoception:  Ability to sense heat and cold.  This also is thought of as more than one sense.  This is not just because of the two hot/cold receptors, but also because there is a completely different type of thermoceptor, in terms of the mechanism for detection, in the brain.  These thermoceptors in the brain are used for monitoring internal body temperature.
Sound:  Detecting vibrations along some medium, such as air or water that is in contact with your ear drums.
Smell:  Yet another of the sensors that work off of a chemical reaction.  This sense combines with taste to produce flavors.
Proprioception:  This sense gives you the ability to tell where your body parts are, relative to other body parts.  This sense is one of the things police officers test when they pull over someone who they think is driving drunk.  The “close your eyes and touch your nose” test is testing this sense.  This sense is used all the time in little ways, such as when you scratch an itch on your foot, but never once look at your foot to see where your hand is relative to your foot.
Tension Sensors:  These are found in such places as your muscles and allow the brain the ability to monitor muscle tension.
Nociception:  In a word, pain.  This was once thought to simply be the result of overloading other senses, such as “touch”, but this has been found not to be the case and instead, it is its own unique sensory system.  There are three distinct types of pain receptors: cutaneous (skin), somatic (bones and joints), and visceral (body organs).
Equilibrioception:   The sense that allows you to keep your balance and sense body movement in terms of acceleration and directional changes.  This sense also allows for perceiving gravity.  The sensory system for this is found in your inner ears and is called the vestibular labyrinthine system.  Anyone who’s ever had this sense go out on them on occasion knows how important this is.  When it’s not working or malfunctioning, you literally can’t tell up from down and moving from one location to another without aid is nearly impossible.
Stretch Receptors:  These are found in such places as the lungs, bladder, stomach, and the gastrointestinal tract.  A type of stretch receptor, that senses dilation of blood vessels, is also often involved in headaches.
Chemoreceptors:  These trigger an area of the medulla in the brain that is involved in detecting blood born hormones and drugs.  It also is involved in the vomiting reflex.
Thirst:  This system more or less allows your body to monitor its hydration level and so your body knows when it should tell you to drink.
Hunger:  This system allows your body to detect when you need to eat something.
Magentoception: This is the ability to detect magnetic fields, which is principally useful in providing a sense of direction when detecting the Earth’s magnetic field.  Unlike most birds, humans do not have a strong magentoception, however, experiments have demonstrated that we do tend to have some sense of magnetic fields.  The mechanism for this is not completely understood; it is theorized that this has something to do with deposits of ferric iron in our noses.  This would make sense if that is correct as humans who are given magnetic implants have been shown to have a much stronger magnetoception than humans without.
Time: This one is debated as no singular mechanism has been found that allows people to perceive time.  However, experimental data has conclusively shown humans have a startling accurate sense of time, particularly when younger. The mechanism we use for this seems to be a distributed system involving the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.  Long term time keeping seems to be monitored by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (responsible for the circadian rhythm).  Short term time keeping is handled by other cell systems.

常用持有人的感官如下：

視線：這在技術上是兩種意義給出了兩種不同類型的受體存在，一個用於顏色（錐體），一個用於亮度（桿）。
口感：這是有時認為是五官本身由於味覺受體（甜，咸，酸，苦和鮮味）的不同類型，但一般只是指一種意義。對於那些誰也不知道，鮮味受體檢測的氨基酸谷氨酸，這是一般存在於肉類和一些人工香料的味道。的味覺，不像視線，是基於關的化學反應的感
觸：這已被發現是從壓力，溫度，疼痛，甚至癢傳感器鮮明。
壓力：明顯的感覺是顯而易見的。 ;-）
癢：令人驚訝地，這是與其他觸摸相關的感官能使傳感器系統。
Thermoception：能夠感覺到熱量和冷。這也被認為是一個以上的意義。這是在兩個熱/冷受體的不只是因為，也因為有一個完全不同的類型thermoceptor的，在該機制檢測方面，在大腦中。這些thermoceptors在大腦中用於監控內部體溫。
聲音：檢測沿著一些中型的震動，如空氣和水是與你的耳朵鼓接觸。
氣味：但是，另一個工作掀起了化學反應的傳感器。從這個意義上講結合的味道產生的味道。
本體感覺：這個意義上說給你，告訴你哪裡的身體部位是，相對於身體其他部位的能力。這個意義上說是對的事情警員測試，當他們拉過來的人，他們認為是醉酒駕車誰之一。在“閉上眼睛摸你的鼻子”的測試是測試這個意義上說。這個意義上說是用所有的時間在一點的方式，當你劃傷你的腳癢等，但從來沒有一次看你的腳，看看你的手是相對於你的腳。
張力傳感器：這些被發現在這樣的地方作為你的肌肉，讓大腦監控肌張力的能力。
傷害感受：總之，疼痛。這個曾經被認為僅僅是超載其他感官，如“觸摸”的結果，但這已經被發現並非如此，相反，它是它自己的獨特的感覺系統。有三種不同類型的疼痛受體：皮膚（皮膚），體（骨關節）和內臟（身體器官）。
Equilibrioception：可以讓你保持你的平衡，在加速和方向變化方面感覺到身體的運動感。從這個意義上講還允許感知重力。感覺系統用於此被發現在內耳，被稱為前庭迷路系統。任何人誰是有史以來這個意義上說出去對他們有時知道這是多麼重要。當它不工作或發生故障，你從字面上不能下來，從一個位置移動到另一個不援助幾乎是不可能知道了。
拉伸受體：這些被發現在這樣的地方如肺，膀胱，胃，和胃腸道。 A型彈力受體，即檢測擴張血管，也經常參與頭痛。
化學感受器：這些觸發髓質在腦中涉及檢測血液生激素和藥物的領域。它也涉及在嘔吐反射。
口渴：這個系統或多或少地讓你的身體來監控其水化水平，使你的身體知道它什麼時候會告訴你喝。
飢餓：該系統允許時，你需要吃的東西你的身體檢測。
Magentoception：這是檢測磁場，這是在檢測地球磁場時，提供一個方向感主要有用的能力。不像大多數鳥類，人類沒有很強magentoception然而，實驗已經證明，我們傾向於有磁場的一些感。的機制這還不完全清楚;據推測，這有是與在我們的鼻子的三價鐵的沉澱物。這將使意義，如果這是正確的，因為人類誰給出磁性植入物已被證明為具有強得多magnetoception比人類無。
時間：這一個是辯論，因為沒有單一的機制已經發現，使人們能夠感知的時間。但是，實驗數據表明決定性人類有時間一個驚人準確的判斷力，尤其是年輕的時候。我們使用這種機制似乎涉及大腦皮質，小腦和基底節分佈式系統。長期時間維持似乎是由視交叉上核（負責晝夜節律）進行監測。短期計時是由其他電池系統處理。