Difference between C and C++ < C Vs C++>

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Difference between C and C++ – C Vs C++

S. No.	C	C++
1	C is a structural or procedural programming language.	C++ is an object oriented programming language.
2	Emphasis is on procedure or steps to solve any problem.	Emphasis is on objects rather than procedure.
3	Functions are the fundamental building blocks.	Objects are the fundamental building blocks.
4	In C, the data is not secured.	Data is hidden and can’t be accessed by external functions.
5	C follows top down approach.	C++ follows bottom up approach
6	C uses scanf() and printf() function for standard input and output.	C++ uses cin>> and cout<< for standard input and output.
7	Variables must be defined at the beginning in the function.	Variables can be defined anywhere in the function.
8	In C, namespace feature is absent.	In C++, namespace feature is present.
9	C is a middle level language.	C++ is a high level language.
10	Programs are divided into modules and functions.	Programs are divided into classes and functions.
11	C doesn’t support exception handling directly. Can be done by using some other functions.	C++ supports exception handling. Done by using try and catch block.
12	Features like function overloading and operator overloading is not present.	C++ supports function overloading and operator overloading.
13	C program file is saved with .C extension.	C++ program file is saved with .CPP extension.

Comparison chart   Differences ✔
[td]

	C	C++
Typing Discipline	Static, Weak	Static, Strong, Unsafe, Nominative
Paradigms	Imperative (procedural) systems implementation language	Multi-paradigm, Object-Oriented, Generic, Procedural, Functional, Meta
Designed by	Dennis Ritchie	Bjarne Stroustrup
Influenced	awk, csh, C++, C#, Objective-C, BitC, D, Concurrent C, Java,JavaScript, Limbo, Perl, PHP	Ada 95, C#, Java, PHP, D, Aikido
Influenced by	B (BCPL,CPL), ALGOL 68, Assembly	C, Simula, Ada 83, ALGOL 68, CLU, ML
Major Implementations	GCC, MSVC, Borland C, Watcom C	GNU Compiler Collection, Microsoft Visual C++, Borland C++ Builder, Intel C++ Compiler, LLVM/Clang
Appeared in	1972	1985
Garbage Collection	Manual; allows better management of memory.	No GC available on the C++ standard library (STD). However, STD provides efficient and deterministic ways to manage resource such as object ownership and reference counting.
Speed	C applications are faster to compile and execute than C++ applications	+-5% when compared with C if you know how to make a good use of C++. The performance of C++ and C programs can often be equal, since compilers for both languages are mature.
Usual filename extensions	.c	.cc, .cpp, .cxx, .h, .hh, .hpp
Programming-include	#include	#include
Platforms	Almost anything on the planet; requires recompile	Almost anything, including OS-based and non OS-based platforms
Programming-String type	No native string type; often declared as an array of characters	Array, std::string
OOP (Object Oriented Programming)	Not built in; freedom to setup structures to act like objects. Lacks the ability to declare encapsulation.	Built in; size and memory layout of objects is deterministic. Virtual function calls can be done without vtable via CRTP.
Classes	Uses structures instead, and hence bestows more liberty to use internal design elements	class and struct
Programming-input /output	scanf for input;printf for output	iostream, fstream (std::cin, std::cout)
Language Type	Procedural Oriented Language	Multi-Paradigm Object Oriented Language
Developed by	Dennis Ritchie & Bell Labs	Bjarne Stroustrup
Execution Flow	Top to Bottom	Top to Bottom
Object-oriented	Not natively	Yes
Generic Programming	No	Yes
Procedural Programming	Yes	Yes
Functional Programming	Yes	Partial
Metaprogramming	No	Yes
Reflection	No	No
code	Compiled to native binary executable files	Compiled to native binary executable files
Inline comments delimiter	//	//
Block comments delimiter	/* and */	/* and */
Statement terminators	;	;
Multidimensional arrays supported	Yes	Yes
Arrays dynamically sized	No	No
Platform	Any that has a compiler	Any that has a compiler

Comparison chart—Similarities ✔
[td]

	C	C++
Programming-include	#include	#include
Execution Flow	Top to Bottom	Top to Bottom
Procedural Programming	Yes	Yes
Reflection	No	No
code	Compiled to native binary executable files	Compiled to native binary executable files
Inline comments delimiter	//	//
Block comments delimiter	/* and */	/* and */
Statement terminators	;	;
Multidimensional arrays supported	Yes	Yes
Arrays dynamically sized	No	No
Platform	Any that has a compiler	Any that has a compiler

C很多地方都用到pointer，C++則有不少替代方案，以下是C和C++會用到pointer的地方。

C	C++
1.Pass by Address	Reference
2.Pass Array to Function	Vector
3.char *	std::string
4.Dynamic Allocation (malloc(),linked list)	STL container
5.Function Pointer	Function Object
6.N/A	Iterator
7.N/A	Polymorphism
8.N/A	Polymorphism object in container

C++ 為了達成兼容效率和彈性的理念，在不 斷發展進化的過程中，直至目前為止，已綜合歸納出，並且實現了四種不同，而又相輔相成的程式設計的思維模式：

• procedural-based paradigm
• object-based paradigm 　
• object-oriented paradigm
• generic paradigm                                       
  

C 和 C++ 的不同之處就在於，以上所列 C++ 的四 種編程思維，C 只提拱了第一種，也就是我們常聽到的「程序功（能）導向」模式－－把功能切割成適當的小模組，在 C 語言中就是一個一個小函式，再按需求靈巧的編排組織起來。
必須特別提到一點，C 之所以受許多程式設計師青睞（也同時令另一些人望之卻步）的其中一個原因就在於：
C 擁有指標的設計，可以在最大限度的範圍內，自由靈活地操控記憶體。而在嚴謹的程序導向編程思維的年代，像 C 這種支援指向函式的指標這類禁斷技術的語言，會在眾語言百家爭鳴下脫穎而出，也就不太意外了。        
C++ 承續了 C，當然也支援函式指標，但 C++ 程式的風格，並不鼓勵使用指向函式的指標。在 C++ 中，提供了一種更嚴謹、具備型別安全（type safe）、更一致明確的語法表達、更加具有彈性和擴充性，且更有效率的函式物件（function object），來取代 C 的函式指標的技術。